| Browse All Lesson Plans |
| Lesson Plan Name |
Grades |
| Signs of Spring |
K to 1 |
 (0 stars, 1 ratings) k-1 students walk around the school and photograph some first signs of spring and then print their picture and write about it. |
| I Have A Dream |
2 to 5 |
(0 stars, 4 ratings) Fourth Grade and Second Grade Buddies will collaborate to write "I Have A Dream" poetry and record their poetry to share on the Internet. They will use the videos to assess the content and presentation. |
| LEVELED READING COMMUNICATION GROUP & I AM WORKING FOR CHART... |
6 to 1 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) STUDENTS WILL IDENTIFY DETAILS THAT SUPPORT ANSWERS TO LITERAL QUESTIONS DURING SMALL LEVELED READING GROUP. |
| My Altered Life, Exploring Mixed Genre Writing |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) The purpose of this project is to present the students with a structured activity in which they are able to develop and enhance their reading fluency and comprehension skills in a fun and creative way. The mode of exploration will be that of mixed genre writing and altered books. |
| "Dear Peter Rabbit" Lesson Plan |
1 to 4 |
(0 stars, 3 ratings) This lesson incorporates Beatrix Potter's story of "Peter Rabbit" and a variety of technology resources. The end result has students writing letters online to Peter Rabbit after his ordeal in Mr. McGregor's garden.
http://www.vrml.k12.la.us/sadies/lesson/peter/peterlesson.htm |
| "I Believe..." Podcast Style |
10 to 11 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will read John F Kennedy's speech "I Believe in an America Where the Separation of Church and State is Absolute" and Martin Luther King's speech "I have a Dream." After comparing both speeches students will write their own speech about their personal beliefs, podcast their work and present their speeches to our local veterans at our Veteran's Day Celebration. |
| "In the News!" |
2 to 8 |
(0 stars, 3 ratings) A newscast that can be writen, produced and created by elementary or middle school students. Co-Authored with Stacy Bodin |
| "Marchen or Sagen" - A Digital Story Telling Experience |
10 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Storytelling is as old as time itself! Every culture that exists or has ever existed had a strong storytelling aspect. Stories are used for entertainment, teaching and passing on knowledge and wisdom. Each of us has a story and it has been said, "We are the stories that we tell about ourselves." |
| "The ABC's of Sunshine" |
K to 1 |
(0 stars, 3 ratings) Kindergarten students will photograph things around our school. Focus on the ABC's and publish a book for the library. |
| A Picture of Dreams |
11 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will merge photography; gel transfer pictures, writing, and their plan
for their future to result in a multi dimensional visual art project
that supports digital skills, education and career development, and the
arts, poetry and English language. |
| A Year in Arizona |
4 to 4 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will choose a theme related to our state of Arizona and create calendars around that theme. Some examples of potential themes are: animals of Arizona, Arizona cactus and plant life, Arizona history, Arizona's geology, and Native American culture. |
| About Me |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students (who have limited verbal and social skills) will search for pictures on the internet about topics they find interesting. They will type (copy dictated sentences, choose sentences with additional picture cues) 3-10 sentences about their topic and present it to their peers. |
| Animal Ambassadors |
K to 1 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) My class is starting a year long animal research project. We will be covering all academic subjects throughout the year as we research, read, learn, write, and observe all types of animals and their habitats. |
| Around Town |
K to 2 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Objective: Apply organizational writing strategy of sequencing to write about a trip around town. allow students to experience the being the illustrator/photographer for their own writing/book. |
| At the Top of Mississippi: Southaven |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Project – At the Top of Mississippi: Southaven
Students will report and record personal events, people and places that are important to them in their daily lives. They will then, with their classmates, combine their efforts and produce a DVD that will be presented to the City of Southaven and the Southaven Chamber of Commerce to give to families that are interested in relocating to our city. This will promote Southaven in a positive manner through the eyes of our youth.
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| Banner Ad/Web Banner ... Internet Advertising - Copywriting |
7 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) The students were asked to create banners of the standard size to advertise various products and/or promote causes and ask for donations. |
| Captured at the Farm |
K to 2 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Kindergarten students will capture digital photos and/or video while visiting a local farm to represent "life" (animals, gardens, milk, butter, etc.). Students will collaborate with a second grade class to create a multimedia digital storybook about their field experience. |
| Click it! See it! Say it! |
K to 2 |
(0 stars, 12 ratings) Bring your "hunks and chunks" to life using everyday pictures the students have taken to capture the sounds. Your students phonics rings will take on a whole new perspective. |
| Come Meet Us at the Zoo |
P-K to P-K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Come Meet Us at the Zoo is a project theme lesson plan that incorporates technology with life science, literacy, writing skills, and creativity. Children will identify animals, research them online and with books and magazines, then write a book about the animal of their choice. |
| Compare/Contrast Animal Kingdom Characteristics from Informational Texts |
P-K to P-K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will compare and contrast the various animal kingdoms. Students will take this knowledge and complete a compare/contrast essay after researching the animal kingdoms. |
| Creating a Digital Newspaper |
P-K to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Lesson plan for creating a digital school newspaper. This includes some modifications for students with disabilities. |
| Creating a Digital Portfolio |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Digital Portfolios encourage students to showcase their accomplishments, works in progress, or personal history when applying for a job or for college entrance. |
| Creation Stories |
6 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Provide an authentic approach to improve understanding the foundation of American Literature and improve literacy skills of all the students. This project will allow students to research, create, and demonstrate, via podcasts and discussion boards, their knowledge of the origins of American literature. |
| Culminating Module Project |
8 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This project taps into the students ability to express their understanding of a novel. They have a choice of two projects from a "menu" of options, ranging in difficulty level. |
| Differentiated Tea Party: Important Groups in Feudal Japan |
7 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) This lesson teaches the students the important groups that made up Feudal Japan, and the very different views that they had. The point of this lesson is to show the students the many changes that took place in Japan following Prince Shotoku's desire to open Japan's borders to other Asian influences. |
| Digital Biography Project for African American History |
3 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will answer questions on an important person during African American History month. They will type, voice record, and upload photographs/drawings to create a biographical digital story about their person. |
| Digital Book Reviews |
4 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will choose their favorite book and write a review of the book. Students will video the view and publish it to the schools web site. |
| Digital Parts of Speech |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Enlgish Language Learners at the high school level will create iMovie projects with music, photo clips, and video clips to enhance learning & instruction of parts of speech. |
| Digital Research Animal Project |
1 to 2 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will research an animal of choice and use an iPad app to create a trading card to inform peers of their new learning. |
| Digital Storytelling - My Special Story |
4 to 6 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will learn the techniques of Digital Storytelling in order to complete a narrative about an important event in their lives. Students will compose a narrative, collect images and photographs. Students will then create a digital slideshow, complete with spoken narration, images, music and transitions appropriate to the mood they want to set for their story. |
| Festivals, Fairs, and Fun and Unit Exploring Spanish Festivals |
6 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will compare and contrast the cultural traditions and festivals of Spanish speaking countries with their own culture. It is our desire that students understand, value, and respect people and places outside of their own environment. |
| Flip Into Reading by Using Voice |
K to 5 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Goal: To teach the importance of adding “voice” when reading aloud. To improve fluency skills and writing skills. |
| Flipping Over Our Weather Reports |
2 to 6 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will write and film a weather report. |
| FlipVideo Poetry: Teaching Narrative Poems Through Community Service Learning |
7 to 8 |
(0 stars, 3 ratings) In order to promote literacy as part of our district improvement plan, 7th grade students will work in pairs to draft, write and illustrate a narrative poem to be presented on National Read Across America Day to primary school students as part of a 'Seussical". Performances will be videotaped so that teachers can show the presentations over and over to varied classes for instructional purposes. |
| Forming Author's Perspective |
2 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will be introduced to the concept of Author's Perspective by identifying specific opinions and adjectives from a specific article. This lesson plan is aligned with Marzano. |
| From Photos to Poetry |
8 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Students will create photographs and poems which have meaningful themes through a thoughtful and deliberate process. |
| Fruit / Vegetable Jigsaw |
10 to 12 |
| A cooperative learning plan where students learn about categories of things relating to their curriculum, while creating a permanent learning, reviewing, reference, and assessment tool for future use. Using technology, research and "real life" experience students will collaborate to show and teach each other. |
| Ghost Stories in Spanish |
11 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) In this lesson, students will study Hispanic folk tales like "La Llorona" and use flip cameras and ToolFactory software to create a movie version of one of the tales. The lesson could also be approached as a podcast! |
| Giving Students the Ultimate in Effective Feedback |
K to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) As an alternative to red-pen-comments-in-the-margins, use a FlipVideo camera above your desk to record your essay correcting sessions! The students see their work being "corrected" by you and hear your commentary and critique. |
| How to "Write Right"! |
K to 1 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) One to two sentences will be written on the board with an appropriate/relevant illustration underneath. Students will be given the opportunity to review and practice their oral, reading and writing skills in this lesson. |
| How to Be (Me!) Photo Book |
K to 2 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Our objective is to engage our kindergartens’ interests in animals and tie these to emerging oral and written literacy skills in creating class photo books on an iPad application The first book will focus on team-work and on identifying characteristics of the pets and animals that we keep at our school, and the second book will focus on the students themselves, showcasing their individual characteristics and diversity. |
| How to be Safe in Cyber Space |
4 to 5 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Through discussion, 4th graders will reach the conclusions that cyber space can be a dangerous place if one is not careful about what is revealed on the net. |
| I Have A Dream Too |
5 to 7 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) In this lesson, students will practice writing persuasive speeches according to a rubric outline, learn about Martin Luther King Jr., and learn how to give an effective speech. They will have the opportunity to view themselves giving their speech, so that they can critique their ability to give speeches. |
| I Went Walking |
P-K to P-K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Kindergarten students take a walk through a Nature Trail to write a book that goes along with Sue William's book "I Went Walking." |
| Iditarod |
4 to 8 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) This lesson provides students with a point of view experience while tracking Iditarod mushers online live. |
| If I Were 100 Years Old... |
K to 3 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) For the 100th day of school, my first graders are asked to write about what they would and would not be able to do if they were 100 years old. To update this lesson, I would have them dress up as if they were 100 years old and record their thinking in a flip video. |
| In Touch with Nature |
K to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Ipod touches will be used in conjunction with our Nature Space/Bird Habitat, on school grounds, community programs, local businesses, Cornell University, and volunteers. These members will aid in constructing a Bird Watch and Feeder program to collect data to be analyzed through the touches, student interaction, and Cornell Labs. |
| Interactive Books with VoiceThread |
P-K to 2 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will use photos, illustrations and writing to dictate an interactive book which can be read during shared reading or shared with families. |
| JOB POD Career Podcasting Project |
7 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) The purpose of this project is to provide students with an opportunity to demonstrate the knowledge gained and maturity achieved during their high school career so far. This project gives students the chance to choose an area of study, to combine different disciplines, to satisfy specialized curiosity, and to utilize talents in a productive way. The project gives them the chance to make their high school experience a more meaningful and practical one. |
| Kindergarten Animal Research Book Making Project |
P-K to P-K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This animal research project integrates writing, science, reading, and technology. Students are able to choose an animal to learn more about, document information using technology and print the project in color to share and keep. |
| Kindergarten Memories |
P-K to K |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) We will create a Kindergarten Memory Book. Each month we will create a monthly memory page regarding our experiences during the month and world happenings. |
| La Presencia Escondida: Spanish Speakers in Our Community |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Using skills learned in Spanish class and technology students will venture out into the community to become more familiar with native Spanish in the area and how they have come to live and work locally. |
| Learning with Cubelet Robot Blocks |
K to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will integrate core subject areas with a hands on approach of coding and constructing tiny robot blocks. Students will design and create a way for these tiny robot cubes to interact with their learning in Social Studies, Reading Writing and Math. |
| Les Petits Chefs |
10 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Using a flipcam, students created a proposal to offer French cooking and language lessons for children in our community. They submitted their video to the "Francophone Youth in Action" contest sponsored by the Francophone Centre of the Americas, and won a $2500 grant to realize their project. |
| Literacy through Photography |
4 to 5 |
| Literacy through Photography encourages children to find their unique voice through original photographs and written text. Students photograph scenes from their lives, and these images drive related writing activities. |
| Literacy through Self-Ethnography |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Linking photography to writing encourages the students to lead a writing life. They will begin to see that the things they come across each day are worth writing about. |
| Maxi's Amazing Adventures |
P-K to K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This fun, family activity, which encourages both reading and writing through the use of modern technology, is called Maxi’s Amazing Adventures. Maxi is a friend that we have in our classroom. He is a soft and cuddly bear friend that travels home with each child. |
| Meeting a Real World Need: Textbooks |
2 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This lesson focuses on students using technology to solve a need in the classroom. Students will seek to gain funding for a classroom library. |
| My Three Words |
7 to 8 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Our schools 7th and 8th grade Performing Arts class was asked to reflect on an significant event that happened in their life. The student had to express this event using only 3 words in a non traditional and non verbal way, such as written in flower petals, in the sand etc. We used our flip camera to record each child's interpretation, and set the movie to music. |
| Online - On Stage - and ACTION! |
P-K to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This year-long 4th grade project integrates information literacy skills with the arts, character education, and social studies. |
| Oral Tradition-- digital storytelling |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students work to create an original tale from the oral tradition. Instead of publishing a formal written document, students create a stop action video depicting the tale. |
| Our World |
2 to 4 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will use Chromebooks to look up a website. The students will navigate to ducksters and learn additional information about geography. |
| Penguin Pals |
1 to 3 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Utilizing a cross curricular theme based lesson, this multi-sensory approach will allow my second grade struggling readers to experience activities in reading,writing,speaking,listening,science,technology, and integrated art. |
| Persuasive Elements Commercials |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) After studying ten primary persuasive elements, students were asked to brainstorm a known product and develop an angle. Then they drafted a 1-2 minute script and produced a commercial, including editing and post-production work. |
| Persuasive Essay Powerpoints |
9 to 10 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will use digital cameras to document campus problems at our school and compile them into a PowerPoint presentation along with a persuasive letter to our school faculty, administration, superintendent, or school board. |
| Plant, Point and Record the Life Cycles of Plants |
1 to 6 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will photograph the life cycles of growing plants. Using continuous photographs, they will monitor the scientific data collection of their plants' growth for online photo journals that they will posted on their student-created website. |
| Podcast, Podcast, Read All about It |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will be able to create a podcast. They will practice submitting a podcast onto an iPod Shuffle. |
| PODCASTING IN THE CLASSROOM |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Podcasting in the classroom will empower students and challenge them to create projects as authentic assessments and as supplemental resources for other students |
| Radio Station Podcasting Throughout History |
3 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Using Podcasting as a radio station to engage students in Social Studies and improve their fluency. |
| Readers Theater In Action - Take 1 |
P-K to 3 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Students will be working in five groups of four to come up with their own Readers Theater. They will be designing their own backdrop, creating the script for the story, and filming the entire step from beginning to end of the production to be displayed on the class smartboard. |
| Reading Blog Log |
6 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Students will create blogs in which they will share ideas about literature we are reading in class - kind of online Socratic seminars. In addition they will create podcasted informational reports, and then open the forum up to others in the library media center during celebrations of READING WEEK. |
| Restoring Memories and Planning Autobiography |
4 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This plan utilizes Google Maps for autobiography writing in response to the mentor text Knots in my Yo-Yo String” by Jerry Spinelli. |
| See it, Say it, Move, it, Do it! |
K to K |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) An interactive lesson featuring multiple learning styles to enhance all students' abilities to recognize the alphabet. *Lesson plan developed collaboratively with ESL teacher, Darcy Berger. |
| Shape all around |
2 to 3 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will understand and be able to classify solid shapes. |
| Show What You Know-Solving Subtraction Problems (K/1st Grade) |
P-K to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) The purpose of this lesson is to help students understand the concept behind the abstract symbols used in subtraction. Specifically, Kindergarteners are still learning number symbols and alphabets as well as the plus sign so distinguishing symbols and what they represent when presented with them are extremely important. All students need concept development to retain such skills. This lesson will teach students a new strategy for solving subtraction as well as provide a pictorial representation of subtraction. Language development of vocabulary like minus, take away, less and fewer is also important for all students in math progression as these terms will be used in word problems and comparing amounts throughout school and in the real world. First graders will have a combination of addition and subtraction with subtraction word problems. Students will discuss these concepts, learn and practice a new strategy and then use the strategy that works best for them in their independent and partner tasks. Upon completion of tasks some students will interview each other to discuss which strategy they used and why and how they used it. Others will create an avatar cartoon video or a song to share their strategy for solving subtraction problems. |
| Silent Films with a Flip Cam |
4 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will analyze a variety of silent films, the roles and responsibilities of film careers and work together to create a film that demonstrates the basic storytelling concepts of conflict and resolution. |
| Sly Book Channel |
K to 5 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) We will create excitement and promote reading through our Sly Book Channel. Sly is our Fox mascot. Students will write and then make a commercial for their favorite book using a Flip-cam or Webcam. We will show these commercials on the morning announcements and through a website set up by our Technology teacher. |
| SO WHAT ABOUT THE WORLD?!?!? |
6 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Students will investigate world countries currently at war/conflict and the impact on the United States. Students will create a news podcast/broadcast video available on youtube.com, schooltube.com, and Kozlen.com. |
| Sounds of ... Assignment |
10 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This intermediate PodCasting assignment focuses and strengthens students' scriptwriting abilities by having them weave audio elements throughout their work. Sounds are no longer ancillary or used merely as aural illustrations; sounds are central and are enhanced by the script. |
| Speaking Our Truths: Podcasts as Relevant Research |
10 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students are creating informational podcasts as an alternative to a traditional research project. Students will be able to show mastery of the skills required to do a traditional research paper but in a way that is relevant to their lives. |
| Technolgy and Thematic Lessons in Literature |
9 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will use the Flip VideoT cameras to record their book reviews and Socratic Circle discussion groups while analyzing the thematic lessons of their books and how they apply to real-wolrd isssues. These videos will then be linked by the students to the Media Center online web site for school-wide viewing. |
| The American Revolution: It Takes Two to Tangle, but Three to Decide a War! |
5 to 12 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This unit on the American Revolution is designed to provide students with a deeper understanding of the complexities of war. The goal is for students to gain knowledge of history from several different points of view. |
| The Five Senses |
K to K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) •.This unit will focus on the use of the five senses to develop a heightened awareness of the world. Skill development is centered on observing, describing and classifying objects. Students will use their senses to describe objects and identify common properties. Students will develop more refined methods of observation, ability to make more detailed descriptions and an increasing ability to differentiate among similar objects on the basis of one, and then
multiple, characteristics. Describing objects will involve making measurements of various properties and comparing them to other reference points (e.g., a color chart). |
| The Soundtrack of Your Life |
6 to 12 |
(0 stars, 2 ratings) Every sound tells a story. In this Language Arts lesson, students learn about poetic elements, tone, and personal connection by creating their own soundtrack of the major events, experiences, passions in their lives. The final product is a Glogster page. |
| This Is Our Town |
10 to 12 |
| Students document life in their small Iowa town by photographing, writing and creating art about the experiences and architecture of our community. These finished products will then be shared with the community. |
| Through Our Eyes |
9 to 9 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) “The House on Mango Street” by Sandra Cisneros is a novel that addresses many important themes, but none more important than poverty. But simply talking about a world problem does not teach my students as much as a hands-on problem solving project would! Upon completing the novel, my students will tackle the final project “Through Our Eyes.” |
| Underground Railroad |
4 to 6 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) This project is to enhance the learning in the classroom by researching information on a variety of topics and creating a tri fold with the computer teacher, learnign a song and the meaning of it with the music teacher, and creating art with the art teacehr . In addition to the art and music pieces, the research will be used in a tri fold (which is a technology goal for this grade). |
| We Have a Dream |
2 to 4 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students write their own "I Have a Dream" speech based on how they think they can make their world a better place. |
| Welcome to Our School ! |
6 to 8 |
| Overview - using a camera for an ongoing class project will allow students to capture on film any and all projects done in classes for the year, Teacher expectations, and how to get around at our school. The selected activities will be documented and used to make additions and subtractions in an effort to make all projects more student friendly, and to familiarize parents and students with their new school. |
| What Do You Know About Your Town? |
2 to 3 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Lessons that help students learn a little about their own community. Lesson is generated for Erath, Louisiana, however can be adapted to any area. |
| What Happened During the French and Indian War? |
5 to 6 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will make a timeline about the French and Indian War |
| Where We Come From—A Culturally Responsive Writing Lesson |
4 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Goals: (1) Students will communicate and collaborate listing details that represent their learning group; (2) Students will write a “We Come From” poem that represents their learning group; (3) Students will create a Wordle that represents their learning group. |
| Wiki Comment: The News and You |
5 to 8 |
| Writing Prompt Option for Students
Create a wiki with a page for this student writing prompt.
The activity is a a page for writing clear and cohesive comments that connect students to the news. The goal is for students to write concisely about their connection to the news in the world, sharing and commenting on each others' ideas.
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| Write to Read |
6 to 8 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) There is nothing more motivating than teaching to the interests of students, and what middle school students' interests revolve around themselves and their friends. Digital storytelling of the school year gives them a voice and leades to improved language arts skills. |
| Writing using sequencing phrases |
P-K to P-K |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will learn how to use sequencing phrases to organize their writing in the order of the events took place. |
| “Through the Eyes of a Child- Student Photography” Elementary Level – Visual Arts |
2 to 5 |
(0 stars, 1 ratings) Students will experience the beauty of literacy through the use of photography. Teacher guided photography instruction will focus on the subject areas of reading and writing skills to help students become better readers. |
